Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
In 1959, the American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate Richard Feynman introduce the concept of nanotechnology. During the annual meeting of the American Physical Society, Feynman presented a lecture entitled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine
Nanoscience breakthroughs in almost every field of science and nanotechnologies make life easier in this era. Nanoscience and nanotechnology represent an expanding research area, which involves structures, devices, and systems with novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the 1-100 nm scale. The field was subject to a growing public awareness and controversy in the early 2000s, and in turn, the beginnings of commercial applications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnologies contribute to almost every field of science, including physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, and engineering. Notably, in recent years nanotechnologies have been applied to human health with promising results, especially in the field of cancer treatment. To understand the nature of nanotechnology, it is helpful to review the timeline of discoveries that brought us to the current understanding of this science. This review illustrates the progress and main principles of nanoscience and nanotechnology and represents the pre-modern as well as modern timeline era of discoveries and milestones in these fields. (1)
How Can Nanotechnology Help to Repair the Body? Advances in Cardiac, Skin, Bone, Cartilage and Nerve Tissue Regeneration.
Nanotechnologists have become involved in regenerative medicine via creation of biomaterials and nanostructures with potential clinical implications. Their aim is to develop systems that can mimic, reinforce or even create in vivo tissue repair strategies. In fact, in the last decade, important advances in the field of tissue engineering, cell therapy and cell delivery have already been achieved. In this review, we will delve into the latest research advances and discuss whether cell and/or tissue repair devices are a possibility. Focusing on the application of nanotechnology in tissue engineering research, this review highlights recent advances in the application of nano-engineered scaffolds designed to replace or restore the followed tissues: (i) skin; (ii) cartilage; (iii) bone; (iv) nerve; and (v) cardiac. (2)
Bioavailability - The ability of a drug or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body. Orally bioavailable means that a drug or other substance that is taken by mouth can be absorbed and used by the body.
Nutrition‐be‐nanotech and nanoceuticals are names of some commercial supplements. Vitamin spray‐dispersed nano‐droplets are considered for improved absorption of nutrients, for example, iron, curcumin, and folic acid. Nano‐sized powders are also used for enhancing the absorption of nutrients as nano‐cochleate. These are revealed to be an effective tool for nutrient distribution to cells without affecting the taste and color of the food products. The supplement production mostly involves encapsulation techniques where the desirable probiotics and other products are directed into the human body with the help of Zn and Fe nano‐structured capsules. (3)
Sources:
Comments